LongPen

Hettner, Alfred

2005-04-04T00:36:00.000-07:00

While completing work on his doctorate at the University of Strasbourg (now in France), Hettner became increasingly absorbed in philosophy.

Dada

2005-04-03T05:28:00.000-07:00

Several explanations have been given by various members of the movement as to how it received its name. According to the most widely accepted account, the name was adopted at Hugo Ball's Cabaret Voltaire

Zagreus

2005-04-02T20:41:00.000-08:00

In Orphic myth, a divine child who was the son of Zeus (as a snake) and his daughter Persephone. Zeus intended to make Zagreus his heir and bestow on him unlimited power, but Hera out of jealousy urged the Titans to attack the child while she beguiled him with toys. The Titans, who were opposed to Zeus' power, tore Zagreus to pieces and consumed him except for his heart. Athena

Syria, Air transport

2005-04-01T18:56:00.000-08:00

Syria has international airports at Damascus and Aleppo and domestic airports at al-Qamishli, Latakia, Dayr az-Zawr, and Tadmur. The facilities at Damascus and Aleppo can handle jet aircraft. International services connect Syria with Arab, other Asian, and European countries. Domestic services are provided by Syrian Arab Airways.

China, Industrialization for self-strengthening

2005-04-01T09:05:00.000-08:00

Stimulated by the military training and techniques exhibited during the Westerners' cooperation against the Taiping and supported by Prince Kung in Peking, the Self-Strengthening Movement was launched by the anti-Taiping generals Tseng Kuo-fan, Li Hung-chang, and Tso Tsung-t'ang, who sought to consolidate the Ch'ing power by introducing Western technology. The

Great Britain

2005-03-30T05:14:00.000-08:00

First Atlantic ocean liner that was built of iron and had screw propulsion. It was the world's largest ship at the time of its launching (1843) and was 322 feet (98 m) long with a tonnage of 3,270. Designed by the British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel originally as a paddle steamer and built at Bristol, it was equipped with screw machinery that was supplemented by sails on six (later five)

Cyrenaic

2005-03-29T04:48:00.000-08:00

The school was called Cyrenaic because Cyrene in North Africa was the

Turkey, The southern folded zone

2005-03-27T09:00:00.000-08:00

The southern folded zone occupies the southern third of the country from the Aegean to the Gulf of Iskenderun, from which it extends to the northeast and east around the northern side of the Arabian platform. Over most of its length, the Mediterranean coastal plain is narrow, but there are two major lowland embayments. The Antalya Plain extends inland some 20 miles from

Waka

2005-03-27T05:05:00.000-08:00

The choka, “long poem,” is of indefinite length, formed of alternating lines of five and

Alcobaça

2005-03-25T21:41:00.000-08:00

Town and concelho (township), Leiria distrito (“district”), west-central Portugal. It lies at the confluence of the Alcoa and Baça rivers, just south-southwest of the city of Leiria. Alcobaça is notable for its Cistercian monastery (Mosteiro de Santa Maria), founded in 1152 by King Afonso I in thanksgiving for the reconquest of Santarém from the Moors and rebuilt in the 13th century.

Gabon

2005-03-25T13:27:00.000-08:00

After the violent protests that nearly paralyzed the government in 1994, 1995 proved to be one of compromise

Salesian

2005-03-23T19:21:00.000-08:00

The founder of the Salesians of Don Bosco (formally, the Society of St. Francis de Sales; S.D.B.) was St. John Bosco (Don Bosco), a young priest who focused his concern on the orphaned and homeless child labourers

West Bridgewater

2005-03-23T18:47:00.000-08:00

Town (township), Plymouth county, eastern Massachusetts, approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Boston. The area was deeded by Massasoit, a Wampanoag Indian chief and sachem (intertribal leader) of all Wampanoags, to six people in trust for 56 proprietors of Duxbury plantation for the price of knives, hatchets, hoes, coats, and cotton. It was settled by colonists in 1656. Some mills were

Ausonius, Decimus Magnus

2005-03-21T22:34:00.000-08:00

Ausonius taught in the famous schools of Burdigala (now Bordeaux, Fr.), first as a grammarian and then as a rhetorician, so successfully that Valentinian I called him to Trier to tutor Gratian, who, on his

Mahé Island

2005-03-21T16:25:00.000-08:00

Largest island of the Seychelles archipelago, Republic of Seychelles, in the western Indian Ocean. The island is 4 miles (6 km) wide and 16 miles (26 km) long and has an area of 57 square miles (148 square km). The island is granitic in origin and mountainous; the highest peak is Morne Seychellois, which rises to 2,969 feet (905 m) and forms part of a national park of the same name. Port Launay Marine National

Holmes, Sherlock

2005-03-20T01:47:00.000-08:00

Fictional character created by the Scottish writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The prototype for the modern mastermind detective, Holmes first appeared in Conan Doyle's

Abbeville

2005-03-19T08:53:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Abbeville county, northwestern South Carolina, U.S. French Huguenots in 1764 settled the site, which was named for Abbeville, France, by John de la Howe. The city is regarded by some as the “Cradle and the Grave of the Confederacy”; it was there that a secessionist meeting was held (November 22, 1860, on what is now Secession Hill) and there that the Confederate president, Jefferson

Man O' War

2005-03-18T16:48:00.000-08:00

Byname Big Red (foaled 1917), probably the most famous American racehorse (Thoroughbred), overwhelmingly voted, in an Associated Press poll taken in 1950, the greatest horse of the first half of the 20th century. In a brief career of only two seasons (1919–20), he won 20 of 21 races, finishing second to a horse named Upset on Aug. 13, 1919, at Saratoga, N.Y. He established five track records for speed over various distances and

West Virginia, Colonial period and Virginia's dominion

2005-03-18T03:38:00.000-08:00

The second charter of Virginia in 1609 provided for settlement of that colony's western frontiers. Exploration and trade were further encouraged by Governor William Berkeley after 1660. The Blue Ridge was reached in 1670, and in 1671 another expedition encountered the first westward-flowing stream, the New River, in southwestern Virginia. The expedition descended the river to Peter's

Steely Dan

2005-03-17T16:24:00.000-08:00

Named after a prosthetic phallus in William S. Burroughs's novel Naked

Fruehauf Trailer Corporation

2005-03-17T08:27:00.000-08:00

The founder, August Charles Fruehauf (1868–1930), began as a blacksmith and carriage builder around Detroit. In 1914, at the request of a local lumber merchant, he built a trailer to carry the merchant's pleasure boat, to be hauled by a Ford automobile. The trailer was

Kiribati

2005-03-16T20:50:00.000-08:00

A few of the islands are compact with fringing reefs, but most are atolls. The largest atoll (and one of the largest in the world) is Kiritimati (Christmas Island) in the Line group, which has a land area of 150 square miles (388 square km) and accounts for about one-half of the country's total. Kiritimati was used for U.S. and British nuclear testing in the 1960s; it now has a large coconut plantation

Hawaii, Flag Of

2005-03-15T19:20:00.000-08:00

In 1793 Captain George Vancouver from Great Britain presented the Union Jack to the conquering king Kamehameha I, who was then uniting the islands into a single state; the Union Jack flew unofficially as the flag of Hawaii until 1816. That year Western advisers to the king recommended the addition of red, white, and blue stripes to the Union Jack, thus creating a distinctive

Nabuco De Araújo, Joaquim Aurelio Barreto

2005-03-14T23:36:00.000-08:00

Nabuco was a member of an old aristocratic family in northeastern Brazil. Both in the national Chamber of Deputies (from 1878) and in the Brazilian Anti-Slavery Society, which he founded, he worked tirelessly for the emancipation of Brazil's

Strachey, (evelyn) John (st. Loe)

2005-03-14T06:37:00.000-08:00

Son of John St. Loe Strachey, publisher and editor of The Spectator, Strachey broke with his family's Conservative allegiances and in 1923, while a student at Oxford, joined

Západoceský

2005-03-13T08:21:00.000-08:00

Also called Západní Cechy , English Western Bohemia kraj (region), western Czech Republic. It is bordered by Germany on the north and west and by Severoceský, Stredoceský, and Jihoceský kraje on the east. It is surrounded by mountains on its external boundaries and contains a series of hilly ranges running southwest to northeast. The region's only lowland areas are the valleys of the Berounka River and its several tributaries

Tabby

2005-03-13T06:17:00.000-08:00

Type of dark-striped coat colouring found in both wild and domestic cats. One of the most common coat colours, the tabby pattern dates back to domestic cats in ancient Egypt. It is a recognized colour variety in purebred cats and is frequently seen in cats of mixed ancestry. Tabby colouring is highly variable but, for show cats, should consist of the following dark markings:

Gainesville

2005-03-11T22:41:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1823) of Hall county, northeastern Georgia, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Atlanta. It is located along Lake Sidney Lanier (which is impounded by Buford Dam on the Chattahoochee River), in the foothills of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Settled in 1818, it was named for General Edmund P. Gaines, who served in the War of 1812. Gainesville was heavily damaged and many lives were

Silkeborg

2005-03-11T21:29:00.000-08:00

City, Århus amtskommune (county), eastern Jutland, Denmark, on the Gudenå (river) and Langsø, a small lake, west of Århus. An episcopal town of some importance in the Middle Ages, its castle became a royal hunting and fishing base after the Reformation. The present city, dating from 1845 (chartered 1900), grew up around a paper mill. Now a rail junction, its products in addition to paper include

Yellow-dog Contract

2005-03-11T05:07:00.000-08:00

Agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees, as a condition of employment, not to join a union during the course of his employment. Such contracts, used most widely in the United States in the 1920s, enabled employers to take legal action against union organizers for encouraging workers to break these contracts. A federal law prohibiting

Gsung-'bum

2005-03-10T05:39:00.000-08:00

The writings of the lamas include commentaries on Indian texts together with essays on

Pacific, University Of The

2005-03-09T08:54:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Stockton, Calif., U.S. The university includes the College of the Pacific, Gladys L. Benerd School of Education, the Conservatory of Music, and schools of Business and Public Administration, Engineering, International Studies, and Pharmacy. The university's McGeorge School of Law is in Sacramento, and the School

Smith, David

2005-03-08T09:02:00.000-08:00

Smith was never trained as a sculptor, but

Aschelminth, General form and external features

2005-03-07T04:09:00.000-08:00

The great majority of nematodes have slender, elongated cylindrical bodies, without obvious external appendages, that move in graceful curves. The external cuticle that covers the whole body is often transparent and may be smooth, but it usually has closely spaced grooves, which at high magnification can be seen encircling the body (annulation) and which give the

Racine, Jean

2005-03-07T01:06:00.000-08:00

In full Jean-baptiste Racine French dramatic poet and historiographer renowned for his mastery of French classical tragedy. His reputation rests on the plays he wrote between 1664 and 1677, notably Andromaque (1667), Britannicus (1669), Bérénice (1670), Bajazet (1672), and Phèdre (1677).

Ammonium Nitrate

2005-03-06T03:23:00.000-08:00

(NH4NO3), a salt of ammonia and nitric acid, used widely in fertilizers and explosives. The commercial grade contains about 33.5 percent nitrogen, all of which is in forms utilizable by plants; it is the most common nitrogenous component of artificial fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate also is employed to modify the detonation rate of other explosives, such as nitroglycerin

Argentina, Agriculture

2005-03-05T22:21:00.000-08:00

Argentina is one of the world's major exporters of soybeans and wheat, as well as meat. It is also one of the largest producers of wool and wine, but most of its wine is consumed domestically. Although agriculture is an important source of export earnings, it now accounts for a small percentage of the overall GDP, and it employs only a tiny portion of the nation's

Robert I

2005-03-04T11:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Robert the Frisian , French Robert le Frison , Dutch Robrecht de Fries count of Flanders (1071–93), second son of Count Baldwin V. In 1063 he married Gertrude and became guardian of her son, who had inherited Frisia east of the Scheldt River. Upon this marriage, Robert's father also invested him with Imperial Flanders, including the islands of Frisia west of the Scheldt. He thus in his own right and that of his stepson became ruler

Jordan

2005-03-03T22:49:00.000-08:00

The World Economic Forum (WEF) convened its extraordinary meeting, held June 21–23, 2003, on the Jordanian shores of the Dead Sea. Klaus Schwab, president of the WEF, justified the meeting place by stating that “the world and, above all, the [Middle Eastern] region were in urgent need of healing processes.” Policy makers, political leaders, academicians, intellectuals, and religious

Pieman River

2005-03-03T14:24:00.000-08:00

River, northwestern Tasmania, Australia. It is formed near Tullah by the confluence of the Macintosh and Murchison rivers. The 61-mile- (98-kilometre-) long main stream is fed by the Huskisson and Stanley rivers and then flows generally west to its estuary, which also receives the Donaldson, Whyte, and Savage rivers at Hardwicke Bay on the Indian Ocean. The river was named for

Gauss Elimination

2005-03-02T04:05:00.000-08:00

In linear and multilinear algebra, a process for finding the solutions of a system of simultaneous linear equations by first solving one of the equations for the first variable (in terms of all the others) and then substituting this expression into the remaining equations. The result is a new system in which the number of equations and variables is one less than in

France, History Of, The church

2005-03-01T11:39:00.000-08:00

The episcopate and the diocese were practically the only institutions to survive the collapse of Roman imperial power largely unchanged. During the German conquest many bishops played important roles in defending the population. During the Frankish era bishops and abbots occupied a socially prominent position because of both their great prestige among

China, Administration

2005-03-01T09:52:00.000-08:00

A hierarchy of organization and personnel has been embedded in virtually all CCP and government bodies. Even on the government side, all officials in these personnel departments are members of the CCP, and they follow rules and regulations that are not subject to control by the particular bodies of which they are formally a part. This system has been used to assure

Dacier, Anne

2005-02-28T13:28:00.000-08:00

Anne Dacier was the

Beisa

2005-02-28T08:36:00.000-08:00

African antelope, a race of the species Oryx gazella. See oryx.

Lizard, Locomotion and limb adaptations

2005-02-27T05:40:00.000-08:00

The majority of lizards are quadrupedal, with powerful limb musculature. They are capable of rapid acceleration and possess great ability to change direction of motion rapidly. The racerunners (Cnemidophorus) can attain speeds of 24 kilometres (15 miles) per hour, which, in terms of their own body length, puts them in a class with fast terrestrial mammals. A tendency toward

Goibhniu

2005-02-25T17:38:00.000-08:00

Welsh Gofannon, ancient Celtic smith god. Goibhniu figured in Irish tradition as one of a trio of divine craftsmen; the other two were Luchta the wright and Creidhne the metalworker. Goibhniu was also the provider of the sacred otherworld feast, the Fled Goibhnenn; he allegedly brewed the special ale thought to confer immortality on those who drank it. In Christian times he became

Ear, Human, Vestibular system

2005-02-25T15:52:00.000-08:00

The vestibular system is the apparatus of the inner ear involved in balance. It consists of two structures of the bony labyrinth, the vestibule and the semicircular canals, and the structures of the membranous labyrinth contained within them (Figure 3).

Acts Of The Apostles, The

2005-02-24T21:46:00.000-08:00

Abbreviation Acts, fifth book of the New Testament, a valuable history of the early Christian church. Acts was written in Greek, presumably by the Evangelist Luke, whose gospel concludes where Acts begins, namely, with Christ's Ascension into heaven. Acts was apparently written in Rome, perhaps between AD 70 and 90, though some think a slightly earlier date is also possible. After an introductory

Nakhon Phanom

2005-02-24T18:49:00.000-08:00

Town, northeastern Thailand. Nakhon Phanom is a commercial centre lying along the Mekong River opposite Thakhek, Laos; it is linked by road to Udon Thani (west), Ubon Ratchathani (south), and Laos and has an airport with scheduled domestic flights. An infertile sandy loam that retains little moisture makes agriculture difficult in much of the surrounding area. There

Rurik Dynasty

2005-02-23T19:40:00.000-08:00

Rurik's successor Oleg (d. 912) conquered Kiev (c. 882) and established control of the trade route extending from

Pittsburg

2005-02-22T06:44:00.000-08:00

City, Crawford county, southeastern Kansas, U.S., near the Missouri border. Laid out in 1876, it developed as a zinc- and coal-mining town and railroad centre and was named after Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Besides strip coal-mining operations, it has large plants that produce coal-preparation equipment and ammonium nitrate. Pittsburg State University was founded in 1903. The city

Keratin

2005-02-22T00:45:00.000-08:00

Of the amino acids in keratin, cystine may account for as much as 24 percent. The numerous disulfide bonds formed by cystine are responsible

Gryphius, Andreas

2005-02-21T18:18:00.000-08:00

Gryphius (the family name Greif was latinized after the fashion of the times) was orphaned early in life, and the horrors of the Thirty Years' War soon cast a shadow over his unsettled childhood. A refugee from his native town, he was educated in various

Dana, James D(wight)

2005-02-20T17:18:00.000-08:00

Dana attended Charles Bartlett's Academy, then entered Yale College

Space Perception

2005-02-19T08:36:00.000-08:00

Human beings have been interested in the perception of objects in space at least since the question

World War I

2005-02-19T02:09:00.000-08:00

With Serbia already much aggrandized by the two Balkan Wars (1912–13, 1913), Serbian nationalists turned their attention back to the idea of “liberating” the South Slavs of Austria-Hungary. Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijevic, head of Serbia's military intelligence, was also, under the alias “Apis,” head of the secret society Union or Death, pledged to the pursuit of this pan-Serbian ambition.

Marqués, René

2005-02-18T14:08:00.000-08:00

His best-known play,

Vance, Cyrus

2005-02-17T18:04:00.000-08:00

Vance received his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1939. Following graduation from the Yale law school in 1942, he enlisted in the navy and served until 1946, after which he joined a Wall

Ujung Pandang

2005-02-16T16:11:00.000-08:00

Already a flourishing port when the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century, Makasar subsequently came under control of the Dutch, who built a trading station in 1607 and finally deposed the sultan in 1667. It was

I-thou

2005-02-16T02:34:00.000-08:00

Theological doctrine of the full, direct, mutual relation between beings, as conceived by Martin Buber and some other 20th-century philosophers. The basic and purest form of this relation is that between man and God (the Eternal Thou), which is the model for and makes possible I-Thou relations between human beings. The relation between man and God, however, is always an I-Thou

Ocean

2005-02-15T04:45:00.000-08:00

The first major undersea survey was undertaken during the 1870s, but it was not until the last half of the 20th century that scientists began to learn what lies beneath the ocean surface in any detail. It has been determined that the ocean basins, which hold the vast quantity of water that covers nearly three-quarters of the Earth's surface, have an average depth of almost four

Mercedarian

2005-02-14T20:53:00.000-08:00

St. Raymond of Penafort, Nolasco's confessor and the author of the order's rule, based the rule on that of St. Augustine. In addition to the usual three religious vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, the Mercedarians

Hunan, Industry

2005-02-14T03:34:00.000-08:00

The main coal measures are located in the south. Coal was little developed

Gonçalves, António Aurélio

2005-02-13T10:36:00.000-08:00

Gonçalves attended the University of Lisbon and later taught history and philosophy at the Liceu Gil Eanes in São Vicente. All of Gonçalves' noveletas (his coinage for novella) and other

Insectivore, Habitats

2005-02-12T11:12:00.000-08:00

Insectivores utilize diverse habitats. Shrews occupy the ground surface in forests and grasslands but are less common in deserts, although Notiosorex and Diplomesodon occupy New and Old World deserts, respectively. Moles are largely confined to North Temperate Zone forests and meadows, especially in areas of deciduous forests and adjacent prairies. Hedgehogs

Latium

2005-02-11T17:28:00.000-08:00

Ancient area in west-central Italy, originally limited to the territory around the Alban Hills, but extending by about 500 Bc south of the Tiber River as far as the promontory of Mount Circeo. It was bounded on the northwest by Etruria, on the southeast by Campania, on the east by Samnium, and on the northeast by the territory of the Sabini, Aequi, and Marsi. The modern region of Lazio extends farther to include the entire coastal plain between the Fiora River in the north and Garigliano River in

Kadar

2005-02-11T04:14:00.000-08:00

The Kadar live in the forests and do not practice agriculture, building shelters thatched with leaves and shifting location as their employment requires. They prefer to eat rice obtained

Dyer-bennet, Richard

2005-02-10T20:36:00.000-08:00

Though born in England, Dyer-Bennet grew up in Canada and California and attended the University of California at

Vigny, Alfred-victor, Comte De

2005-02-10T10:59:00.000-08:00

Poet, dramatist, and novelist who was the most philosophical of the French Romantic writers.

Lipton, Sir Thomas Johnstone, 1st Baronet

2005-02-09T20:05:00.000-08:00

Lipton, whose Irish parents ran a small grocery, immigrated to the United States in 1865. After five years at various jobs, he returned to Glasgow and opened a small provision shop, whose success led him to open other shops throughout the United Kingdom. To supply his retail

Masham (of Swinton), Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron

2005-02-09T13:52:00.000-08:00

In 1838 Samuel and his brother John opened a worsted mill in Manningham. He had worked on a machine to comb wool

Tsumi

2005-02-08T11:32:00.000-08:00

In the Shinto religion of Japan, a state of defilement or impurity resulting from the commission of unnatural or criminal acts. Incest, contact with the pollution of blood or death, and agricultural vandalism are prominent examples of tsumi. The term also covered sickness, disaster, and error, all beyond the control of man. Tsumi were thought to hinder the proper growth

Yüeh-fu

2005-02-07T18:04:00.000-08:00

Pinyin yuefu form of Chinese poetry derived from the folk-ballad tradition. The yüeh-fu takes its name from the Yüeh Fu (“Music Bureau”), created in 120 BC by Emperor Wu-ti for the purpose of collecting songs and their musical scores for ceremonial occasions at court. The music for these songs was later lost, but the words remained, forming a collection of Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 220) folk poetry that served

Oeser, Adam Friedrich

2005-02-06T16:41:00.000-08:00

Trained in the art of modeling by a sculptor, Raphael

Wild Pig

2005-02-05T09:05:00.000-08:00

Also called Wild Boar, any of the wild members of the pig species Sus scrofa (family Suidae, order Artiodactyla), the ancestors of domestic pigs. See boar.

Marquesas Islands

2005-02-04T18:23:00.000-08:00

French Îles Marquises, pair of volcanic clusters in French Polynesia in the central South Pacific, 740 mi (1,200 km) northeast of Tahiti. The southeastern group includes Hiva Oa (q.v.), largest and most populated and the burial place of the French artist Paul Gauguin; Fatu Hiva and Tahuata, each about 23 sq mi (60 sq km) and both rising to about 3,300 ft (1,005 m); and the uninhabited Motane and Fatu Huku. The northwestern group

Lilar, Suzanne

2005-02-04T16:02:00.000-08:00

Lilar was of Flemish origins. She began her career as

Kebnekaise

2005-02-04T00:34:00.000-08:00

Mountain range in the län (county) of Norrbotten, northern Sweden. It lies 25 miles (40 km) from the Norwegian border and about 103 miles (166 km) north of the Arctic Circle. The name is a Sami word meaning “kettle top.” One of its peaks, Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 m]), is the highest in Sweden. The roughly triangular area of the mountain range covers approximately 18 square miles (47 square km); it is uninhabited

Cincinnati

2005-02-03T10:02:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Hamilton county, southwestern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged) opposite Covington and Newport, Kentucky, 15 miles (24 km) east of the Indiana border. Cincinnati is Ohio's third largest city, after Cleveland and Columbus. Picturesquely situated between the Little Miami and Great Miami rivers at their influx into the Ohio, it is encircled by hills rising

Anderson, Carl David

2005-02-02T17:38:00.000-08:00

Anderson received his Ph.D. in 1930 from the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, where he worked with physicist Robert Andrews Millikan.

Houssay, Bernardo Alberto

2005-02-01T14:49:00.000-08:00

Working with dogs that had been rendered diabetic by excision of the pancreas (1924–37), Houssay found that removal

Jhansi

2005-02-01T07:26:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, at a major road and rail junction. The main city, which is enclosed by a wall, arose around a fort built in 1613 by the ruler of Orchha. The area fell to the Marathas in 1732 and was acquired by the British in 1853. A massacre of British officers and civilians occurred at Jhansi during the 1857 Indian Mutiny. In 1886 Jhansi came under British rule in

Arion

2005-01-30T19:32:00.000-08:00

Semilegendary Greek poet and musician of Methymna in Lesbos. He is said to have invented the dithyramb (choral poem or chant performed at the festival of Dionysus); that is, he gave it literary form. His father's name, Cycleus, indicates the connection of the son with the cyclic or circular chorus of the dithyramb. None of his works survives, and only one story about his life

John The Apostle, Saint

2005-01-30T00:13:00.000-08:00

The son of Zebedee, a Galilean fisherman, and Salome, John and his brother James were among the first disciples called by Jesus. In the Gospel According to Mark he is always mentioned

Aleixandre, Vicente

2005-01-29T00:14:00.000-08:00

Aleixandre was the son of a railway engineer. He studied law and business management and from 1920 to 1922 taught commercial law. He became seriously ill in 1925 and during

Man-chou-li

2005-01-28T22:25:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Manzhouli, formerly (1910–49) Lupin, city in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China. It is situated on the border opposite the Russian town of Zabaykalsk and lies 100 miles (160 km) west of Hailar and 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Lake Hu-lun. Man-chou-li was long a small Mongolian settlement in the Hu-lun-pei-erh League. It developed after 1900 when it became the western terminus of the Russian-built Chinese Eastern Railway

Sorites

2005-01-28T04:20:00.000-08:00

In syllogistic, or traditional, logic, a chain of successive syllogisms—or units of argument that pass from two premises (a major and then a minor) to a conclusion—in the first figure (i.e., with the middle, or repeated, term as the subject of the major and the predicate of the minor premise)—so related that either the conclusion of each (except the last) is the minor premise of

Nova Iguaçu

2005-01-27T10:45:00.000-08:00

City and northwestern suburb of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Formerly called Maxambamba, it lies in the Sarapuí River valley, at 85 feet (26 m) above sea level. The city's varied industries include marmalade and orange juice factories, vegetable canneries, and plants manufacturing chemicals and pharmaceutical products. Extensive orange groves

Resonance

2005-01-27T05:20:00.000-08:00

In physics, relatively large selective response of an object or a system that vibrates in step or phase, with an externally applied oscillatory force. Resonance was first investigated in acoustical systems such as musical instruments and the human voice. An example of acoustical resonance is the vibration induced in a violin or piano string of a given pitch when

Austin, Louis Winslow

2005-01-26T20:26:00.000-08:00

Physicist known for research on long-range radio transmissions. He was educated at Middlebury College, Vermont, and the University of Strasbourg, Germany. In 1904 he began work on radio transmissions for the U.S. Bureau of Standards. In 1908 Austin became head of a naval radiotelegraphy laboratory at the bureau (later to become the Naval Research

Pacific Ocean, Eastern region

2005-01-24T17:59:00.000-08:00

The eastern region, which extends southward from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, is relatively narrow and is associated with the American cordilleran system of almost unbroken mountain chains, the coastal ranges of which rise steeply from the western shores of North and South America. The continental shelf, which runs parallel to it, is steep and comparatively narrow.

Constantia

2005-01-24T14:59:00.000-08:00

Residential area, Western Cape province, South Africa, near Cape Town. It is located in Constantia Valley, famous since the 18th century for wines produced on both government and private farms. The Groot Constantia homestead there was built about 1685 by Governor Simon van der Stel and named for his wife, Constance; a fine example of Cape Dutch architecture, it has been restored

Heisman Trophy

2005-01-23T06:46:00.000-08:00

Cup awarded annually to the outstanding college gridiron football player in the United States as determined by a poll of sportswriters. The trophy was instituted in 1935 by the Downtown Athletic Club of New York City and the next year was named in honour of its first athletic director, John Heisman, a player and successful coach of the 1890s and early 1900s. The first winner of the

Voynovich, Vladimir

2005-01-23T03:15:00.000-08:00

After serving in the Soviet army from 1951 to 1955 and attending the Moscow Pedagogical Institute (1957–59), Voynovich worked as a skilled labourer and then as an editor of radio programs. He published such well-received fiction as the short story “My

Faerie Queene, The

2005-01-22T15:08:00.000-08:00

One of the great long poems in the English language, written in the 16th century by Edmund Spenser. As originally conceived, the poem was to have been a religious-moral-political allegory in 12 books, each consisting of the adventures of a knight representing a particular moral virtue; Book I, for example, recounts the legend of the Red Cross Knight, or Holiness. The knights

Jainism, Jainism and Islam

2005-01-22T03:22:00.000-08:00

Muslim influence on Jainism can be seen in a number of areas. It has been suggested that the concept of ashatanas—activities that are unsuitable or indecent in a temple—reveals a notion of the sanctity of the temple that recalls Muslim barakah (“holiness”) more than any traditional Jain attitude. The most obvious Islamic influence is in the repudiation of image worship

Christian Science Monitor, The

2005-01-21T14:19:00.000-08:00

Daily newspaper (except Saturdays and Sundays) published in Boston under the auspices of the Church of Christ, Scientist. It was established in 1908 at the urging of Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the church, as a protest against the sensationalism of the popular press. The Monitor became famous for its thoughtful treatment of the news and for the quality of its long-range, comprehensive

Computers, The age of Big Iron

2005-01-20T11:31:00.000-08:00

Gerrit A. Blaauw and Frederick P. Brooks, Jr., Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution (1997), is a highly technical history of the development of the concepts in computer architecture.

Quinará

2005-01-20T05:26:00.000-08:00

Region, southwestern Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, bordered by the regions of Tombali on the south and east, Bafatá on the northeast, Oio on the north, and Biombo on the northwest. Quinará fronts the Atlantic Ocean and the region of Bolama to the southwest. It has an area of 1,139 sq mi (2,920 sq km). The Rio Grande de Buba flows east–west through the centre of the region and empties into the